What is a Concentric Contraction?
Online Glossary / Quick Reference
type of isotonic contraction where a muscle shortens as it develops tension against resistance.
About Concentric Contraction
A concentric contraction is a type of muscle action in which the muscle shortens while generating force against resistance. This type of contraction is one of the two primary forms of isotonic contractions, the other being eccentric contractions. Concentric contractions are fundamental to many movements in strength training and everyday activities, as they involve lifting, pushing, or pulling objects against gravity or other forms of resistance.
Mechanism of concentric contraction
During a concentric contraction, the muscle fibers generate tension as they slide past one another, resulting in the shortening of the overall muscle length. This shortening movement pulls on the tendons and bones to create motion. The force produced by the muscle must overcome the external resistance for the contraction to occur.
Examples of Concentric Contractions
- bicep curl: When performing a bicep curl, the concentric phase occurs as you lift the dumbbell towards your shoulder, shortening the biceps muscle.
- squat: During the upward phase of a squat, the quadriceps and glutes concentrically contract to extend the knees and hips, lifting the body back to a standing position.
- bench press: The concentric phase of the bench press occurs when you push the barbell away from your chest, shortening the pectoral muscles.
- Pull-Up: As you pull your body up towards the bar, the latissimus dorsi and biceps muscles concentrically contract to lift your body.
Concentric contractions are crucial for building muscle strength and mass, as they involve active muscle engagement against resistance. These contractions are often emphasized in resistance training programs to enhance muscular development and performance.
Understanding the role of concentric contractions helps in designing balanced exercise routines that include all phases of muscle action. Combining concentric contractions with eccentric and isometric contractions ensures comprehensive muscle training, leading to improved strength, endurance, and overall functional fitness.